(2015). The bureaucratization of schools has some advantages but has also led to the perpetuation of discrimination and an aversion to change. A bureaucracy encourages praise because of the way a task is fulfilled instead of the quality of the fulfillment. Main disadvantages of bureaucracy include: The rigid structure found in bureaucratic systems can discourage innovation and creativity among staff. A bureaucracy creates numerous rules and laws that must be followed to the benefit of all. It is an incentive to waste money by spending it on needless things so a budget increase can be guaranteed. 13.3A: Bureaucratization of Schools is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Civil servants also play an active role in this sphere. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 8(1). This article articulates how the advantages and disadvantages of a bureaucracy affect non-political or politically neutral bureaucracy. Every annual budget comprises material costs for papers, printers, ink, and computers. Then the rules and regulations are set so that the people within that structure can move toward meeting that goal in a specific way. Designing Effective Organizations. The goal of the worker is to achieve the top position possible within that specialization to create the best possible personal outcome. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446279137 Hamel, G., & Zanini, M. (2017). All of the approximately 2,000 federal government agencies, divisions, departments, and commissions are examples of bureaucracies. Common citizens can hold government officials and bureaucrats accountable for the actions they perform in the course of dispensing their duties. The term bureaucracy is often addressed to governmental structures only, but most people either work in a bureaucracy or encounter one every day. Managers and administratorsneed hierarchy in order to effectively carry out their duties. This means a bureaucracy continues to function only because there are competent employees trying to achieve positions with more power. The job demands-resources model: Challenges for future research. B. Enlarged Ed Edition, Free Press, August 1, 1968. This system is defined by four specific features. 2. Friendships dont influence the outcomes that are created. In his 1957 work Social Theory and Social Structure, American sociologist Robert K. Merton criticized earlier theories of bureaucracy. (1998). Bureaucracies tend to demand employees with specialized educational backgrounds and expertise related to the agencies or departments to which they are assigned. The term actually comes from the French word "bureau," a reference to the small desks that the king's representatives set up in towns as they traveled across the country on king's business. Optimistically, bureaucracies are orderly, fair, and highly efficient. Organizationaland workplace procedures outline specific required action plans among employees. Moreover, bureaucracyin the public sector imposes rules and regulations for everyone without favoritism. Bureaucracy: Meaning, Characteristics, Kinds, Nature, Rationale, Advantages and Disadvantages Bureaucracy - Meaning The Government is responsible for the maintenance of law and order in the country and has also to protect the boundaries of the country from foreign aggression. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. This clear "chain of command" allows management to closely monitor the organizations performance and deal effectively with problems when they arise. Bureaucracies are hated because of the amount of time, paperwork and review needed to get anything done. It is recommended that organizations should have a well-shared vision and mission rather than being organized through hierarchy and fixed policy and procedures. Absent of adequate oversight, bureaucrats with decision-making power could solicit and accept bribes in return for their assistance. The assumption that there is one best system for educating children has been especially problematic within the context of a pluralistic American society, a globalized world, and advances in information technology. Definition and Examples, Complex multi-level administrative hierarchy, Standard set of formal rules or operating procedures, A chain of command that is hierarchical; the top bureaucrat has ultimate control, and authority flows from the top down, A clear division of labor in which every individual has a specialized job, Clearly written, well-established formal rules that all people in the organization follow, A clearly defined set of goals that all people in the organization strive toward. Civil servants play an important but indirect role in law-making. In a successful bureaucracy, the impersonal nature of relationships creates some benefits. 9. Health insurance, vacation time, and even a retirement pension would all be included as part of the security a bureaucracy can provide. In an ideal bureaucracy, the principles and processes are based on rational, clearly-understood rules, and they are applied in a manner that is never influenced by interpersonal relationships or political alliances. In addition, advocates of bureaucracy argue that bureaucrats tend to have higher levels of education and personal responsibility when compared to nonbureaucrats. Rules and regulations can seem burdensome at times, but they are put in place to create best practices. Weber believed that bureaucracy was the most efficient and rational way of organizing. By the time they would have passed through these processes, nothing short of a quality law or policy is made. Proposed laws would have to pass through different processes and departments before being enacted. Unless a proactive review of the rules and regulations is part of the structure, a bureaucracy can struggle to keep up with changing times and that fosters even more distrust of the system. Engelwood-Cliffs, CA, USA: Prentice-Hall. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118601495.ch1 Javanparast, S., Freeman, T., Baum, F., Labont, R., Ziersch, A., Mackean, T., Sanders, D. (2018). Recruitment based on meritmeans decisions to employ and selection must be solely based on qualification criteria. It encourages specialization. We have all the advantages and disadvantages. Complexity science: complexity, leadership, and management in healthcare organisations. People who work in bureaucracies are informally known as bureaucrats. Another disadvantage to a bureaucratic structure is the way finances are managed, more specifically, the way the budget is allocated. The bureaucratic structure has advantages as long as disadvantages but many business structures are influenced by Max Weber. (2009). Despite what locals claim, language fluency does NOT alleviate this. In this essay, the structural pattern of bureaucratic structure, the channel of communication, advantages and disadvantages of bureaucratic structure and the five factors for Get Access However, at some point, the employee may be promoted to a position for which they lack the necessary specialized skills and knowledge. What is Max Weber Bureaucracy theory? The average wage of a Chief Executive Officer in the United States at a major company in 2015 was $12.4 million. Advisers, bookkeepers, secretaries. Godoi, A. F., Silva, L. F., & Cardoso, O. O. Political pressure is secondary to the clout that comes with doing a good, consistent job. Weber wrote about Germany during the early 20th century, when developing capitalism was spawning more and more large businesses. H. K. S., Purdy, N., Cho J., & Almost J. 1789 the State Department had 9 employees, the War Department had 2, and the Treasury Department had 39. This means that all of the demands and expectations are made extremely clear, from the top down. A bureaucracy centralizes power. The principles are mentioned with the descriptions below:-. An insurance company, for example, may embrace this organizational structure to ensure its employees comply with customer data protection laws and follow industry's best practices. { "13.3A:_Bureaucratization_of_Schools" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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